教員は厳格な学習に焦点を当てるべきか楽しい学習をすべきか：researchgateより

自分用のメモ。厳格さを前面に出すと同時に、少しは楽しい要素を入れるべきという意見が多数だった
Rigorous learning is essential in conveying information and knowledge to students. But in addition to that, it is better for teacher to focus also on learning with entertainment.

fMRIにおいて社会的相互作用の課題を被験者に信じさせるための手続きに関する議論：researchgateより

自分用のメモ。社会的相互作用の課題を被験者に信じてもらうための手続き。

これ以外にも、対象となる被験者の前の被験者が実験を受けている様子をそれとなく観察してもらうのも良いらしい

ただ、完璧な手続きはないと。

1. Give the participants detailed instructions about the task paradigm, including what they will see and how to respond, and also what the counterparts will see and how to respond. These information are to persuade participants that they are playing against real human beings.
2. When orally delivering these instructions, the experimenters are in a higher place than the participants (e.g. experimenter stands while participant sits down) . This is to implicitly enhance the authority of the experimenters, so that the participants are more cooperative and more willing to accept the information delivered by the experimenters.

3. Try to use some software, e.g. Z-Tree (http://www.ztree.uzh.ch/index.html), during practice. These software allow many players interact with each other simultaneously online. Some experimenters could interact with the participant during practice and appear in some place that the participant could see. This is to make the participants sure that they are playing against some real person.

4. Before the formal task, pretend to make a phone call to another experimenter who "is supervising the group of counterparts". You can say something such as "It's time to start, are you ready ...... what, someone is still peeing? pull him back, we can't let the participant wait for too long time.......Oh, the signals in this room is too bad...." Be sure that your participants have heard your information.
5. During the practice, you can add some fake off-line information (e.g. a sudden break and some warning information on the screen "can't access the server..."). Sometime, non-perfect procedure may make the participants believe that the things here are true.
6. After getting out of the scanner, give them a questionnaire about their feelings when interacting with counterparts. If someone says that he/she does not believe that there is a human counterpart in some other place, just reject his/her data.
7. If it is OK to you, try to recruit female participants only. They are much easier to be deceived than men.
8. Do not recruit participants major in psychology. They can see through these tricks easily.

    Hope these information are useful to you!